Cellulose-Based Cryogel Microspheres with Nanoporous and Controllable Wrinkled Morphologies for Rapid Hemostasis

First-aid hemostatic agents for acute bleeding can save lives in emergency situations. However, rapid hemostasis remains challenging when uncontrolled hemorrhage occurs on lethal noncompressible and irregular wounds. Herein, cellulose-based cryogel microspheres with deliberately customized micromorphologies for ultrafast water transportation and diffusion, including the shark skin riblet-inspired wrinkled surface with low fluid drag and the hydrophilic nanoporous 3D networks, are developed to deal with the acute noncompressible bleeding within seconds. These cryogel microspheres can rapidly absorb a large amount of blood over 6 times their own weight in 10 s and form a robust barrier to seal a bleeding wound without applying pressure. Remarkably, massive bleeding from a cardiac penetrating hole is effectively stopped using the microspheres within 20 s and no blood leakage is observed after 30 min. Additionally, these microspheres could be readily removed without rebleeding and capillary thrombus, which is highly favorable to rapid hemostasis in emergency rescue.

在紧急情况下，快速止血剂能挽救急性出血患者的生命。然而，对于致命的不可压迫和无规则创伤导致的失控性出血，快速止血仍面临挑战。为此，本文开发了一种纤维素基的冷凝胶微球，并在鲨鱼皮脊状表面结构的低流体阻力和三维亲水纳米多孔网络结构的启发下，对微球表面形貌进行了精细调控以实现超快速水分转运和扩散，从而在几秒内实现对极性不可压迫创伤的快速止血。结果表明，该冷凝胶微球可10秒内快速吸收自重6倍以上的血液，且无需施加压力即可形成坚固的屏障封闭出血伤口。值得注意的是，对心脏穿孔导致的严重出血，该微球可在20秒内快速止血，并且在30分钟内无渗血现象。此外，这些微球还可被轻松移除，不会引发再次出血和毛细血管血栓，这对紧急救援中的快速止血具有重要意义。

期刊：Nano Letters

原文链接：https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02144